1,350

1,350=...Civil fixed links (split +142: 1492-1517) new. JRC links
1370..Radioastronomy, to 1400
1,375=...Govt / MoD links (split +52: 1427-1452)
"radio relay training... wide-band surveillance, video, data links, aeronautical telemetry"
1394 Civil video links - MPT 1349 standard (band 1389-1399)
1,400=...Transmission Prohibited
Astronomy, Space Research, SETI, Hydrogen Line. Certain frequencies around here
propagate very well through the universe, so the boffins listen here for extra-
terrestial transmissions. But surely the little grey men are doing the same thing?
1420 SETI@Home (+/-1.25MHz)
1,427=...Govt links (split -52: 1375-1400)
1450... Civil links, to 1467.5 (split +62.5: 1512.5-1530.0) x
1,452=...L-Band DAB & links
DAB "23 blocks of spectrum available... 9 of these blocks have been made available for terrestrial use
using the Eureka 147 technology... availability of the band is not assured until 2007...
The remaining 14 blocks are currently earmarked in CEPT for satellite digital radio."
LA 1452.192-1453.728
LB 1453.904-1455.440
LC 1455.616-1457.152
LD 1457.328-1458.864
LE 1459.040-1460.576
LF 1460.752-1462.288
LG 1462.464-1464.000
LH 1464.176-1465.712
LI 1465.888-1467.424
& Worldspace digital satellite broadcasting 1467-1492 (7025-7075 MHz uplinks) more
3 sat.s, each with 3 beams of 2 TDM carriers (one left, one right circular pol.)
TDMs are QPSK modulated, overall rate of 3.68 Mbit/s - 96 so called Prime Rate Channels
(PRCs) having 16 kbit/s each. MP3 audio coding. 2.3MHz TDM sep. detail
Receivers cover 1453.384 to 1490.644 MHz (52 centers currently: 1467.184-1490.644, 0.460 MHz steps)
Orbital positions :
AfriStar 21 East - 1469R 1471L 1478R 1481L (MHz & Pol) details
AsiaStar 105 East - 1473R 1475L 1478L 1480R 1488R 1490L details
AmeriStar 95 West - (2002) (details)
1467.5..Civil links, to 1472.5 (split +40.0: 1507.5-1512.5) x
1488.25..JFMG links, to 1490.75
1,492=...Civil fixed links (split -142: 1350-1375)
1507.5..Civil links, to 1512.5 (split -40.0: 1467.5-1472.5) x
1512.5..Civil links, to 1530 (split -62.5: 1450.0-1467.5) x
1,517=...Civil links, one-way, possible future MSS expansion
1,525=...Satellite comms downlinks - Inmarsat GMDSS etc (uplinks 1626.5-1660.5) (+101.5) more SpaceChecker
Thuraya (digital) - (Feeder Links E-S 6425-6725MHz, S-E 3400-3625MHz)
1535-1544 30kHz FM comms, 25kHz steps : 1535.025... ch 001, to 1543.475 ch 339
1,559=...Radionavigation, to 1626.5=
1,575.42 Navstar GPS Nav L1 C/A (military accuracy with 1227.6 L2 +/-14MHz) spread (20,231km orbit)
The L1 carrier is modulated by all three GPS data streams, C/A, P and Nav/System Data.
The L2 carrier is modulated by two GPS data streams, P-code and Nav/System Data.
The L3 carrier 1381.05 MHz is a non-navigation signal associated with nuclear burst detection.
L4 is 1379.913 MHz (1841.4 MHz had been considered)
L5 1176.45 MHz (third 'civil' signal) band 1166-1186
1,602... Russian GLONASS L1, 0-12: 1602+n(0.5625) spread spectrum
1,610=...Mobile-satellite systems, uplinks (down at -101.5)
1,610=...LEO MSS, to 1626.5= (up&down) CDMA i.e. Globalstar, Iridium (TDMA, 780km up)
1,645.5..Distress EPIRBs, to 1646.5 (Inmarsat E) 1645.6-1645.8?
1,660.5=.Radioastronomy, to 1668
1,668=...H.O. links (with 1698-1700)
1,670=...TFTS ground stations (see 1800), possible future MSS (TFTS "1670.5 and 1671.5")
Sondes (met & mil), to 1690

1,675=...Meteo satellite, to 1710
1,677=...H.O. mobile applications, to 1685
1,683=...possible future MSS, to 1690
1,690=...Weather Satellite HRPT (Hi-res pics), to 1710= NOAA, GOES, MeteoSat. EUMETSAT:
1675.181 DCP, to 1675.381 - 3kHz b/w
1675.929 PCM telemetry - 30kHz b/w
1686.833 DATTS format - 660kHz bandwidth / Burst PCM 5.4MHz b/w
1691 A1 20.5dBW
1694.5 A2 19dBW
HRI 660kHz b/w, WEEFAX 26kHz b/w
MDD ch1 1695.6438, ch2 1695.7250, ch 3 1695.7562, ch4 1695.7874 +/- 15.6kHz (360kHz b/w)

1,698=...H.O. links, to 1700 (with 1668-1670)

1,710=...links, radioastronomy, Skynet uplinks, PCN mobile phones, to 1880= :

1785.7...Pro. radio mics, to 1799.3

1,800.30.TFTS in-flight digital phones (air-ground), to 1804.969 (164 x 30.303 kHz channels : ground at -130)
To be withdrawn (2002 decision) and kept for harmonised use, probably MSS

1,805=...PCN mobile phone system GSM 1800, to 1880= (split -95: 1710-1785)
Standard : 1805.2 to 1879.8 (374x TDMA 200kHz channels) Digital duplex. Scrambled. Base continuous. info.
Channels numbered 512-885 Foreign GSM 1900 (split -80) : 1930.2 (512) - 1989.8 (810)

1805.2 - 1810.8 O2 (Cellnet) (ex 1805-1807.5 TFTS guard)
(1807.5-1815.5 H.O. Fixed links split: +494.5)
1811 - 1816.6 Vodafone
1816.8 - 1846.6 T Mobile (One 2 One) (ex 1820-1860 links, split: -110)
1846.8 - 1876.6 Orange
1876.7=- 1880= guard-band to protect DECT

(1873.5-1897.5) offshore Fixed Links (split: -108)

1,880=...DECT Digital Euro. Cordless Telephones, to 1900=
1881.792..ch1, to 1897.344 ch10 (steps of 1.728 MHz) encrypted, base continuous (pulses), less than 250mW
Single Freq. Duplex (Digital TDMA) - supporting 12 conversations at once per channel

1,900=...future UMTS, to 1980= (with 2110-2170) IMT-2000, FPLMTS 3G 3rd generation mobile issues
"licences will comprise three of (2x10)+5MHz (C,D,E), one of 2x15MHz ( and one of (2x15)+5 MHz (A)."
WRC 2000 added 806-960, 1710-1885, 2500-2690 (Satellite 2500-2520 & 2670-2690),
and for satellite: 1525-1544 & 1545-1559, 1610-1626.5 & 1626.5-1645.5 & 1646.5-1660.5, 2483.5-2500
1900=.. single, to 1920=
1902.4 D
1907.4 E
1912.4 C
1917.4 A
1919.9= guardband, to 1920=
1920=.. paired, to 1980= mobile/uplink see +190 (2110-2170)
1,980=...MSS, to 2010
2,010=...3G licence-exempt band, to 2025 (first carrier 2013 or higher, last 2022.2)
2,025=...FWA, to 2110 (with 2200-2290) "2 x 45 MHz identified by CEPT as harmonised bands for tactical radio relay."
2,110=...3G Base/Downlink, to 2170= (split -190: 1920-1980) 12 x 5MHz channels on a 0.2MHz raster (some overlap)
2110.0= guardband, to 2110.3= freq. = 2075.2 + (ch * 0.2) Dec(99)25
2112.8 A (A has 14.6MHz) 2112.8 is lowest allowed carrier (ch 188), 2167.2 highest (ch 460)
2117.6 A
2122.4 A
2124.9=
2127.4 C (C has 10MHz)
2132.4 C
2134.9=
2137.4 B
2142.? B (B has 14.8MHz) must be 5MHz between operators, less is OK for one operator
2147.2 B
2149.7=
2152.2 D (D&E have 10MHz each)
2157.2 D
2162.2 E
2167.2 E
2169.7= guardband, to 2170.0=
2,170=...MSS, to 2200 (and 1980-2010)
2,200=...SKYNET satellites telemetry downlinks, to 2290
"Sat. Telecommand, Telemetry and Control (TT&C) ... at 1760 - 1840 MHz for the command uplinks"
2,300... Airborne Telemetry, to 2330 (extension to 2400)
2,310=...Ham 13cm band, to 2,450= (2360 UK Police A-G Video?)
"military fixed, telemetry and mobile.. long-range airborne telemetry links are particularly protected."

2,400=...deregulated band, to 2483.5 (WiFi 802.11b 11Mbps, 802.11g 54Mbps)
Some FWA in Scotland
JFMG video links & cameras, to 2.68 (20MHz channels?) (+ some video senders)
2402.. Bluetooth digital SRD ch0, to 2480 ch78 (79 x 1MHz channels) within 2401.5= to 2480.5=
1600 hops per sec over 32 channels
2402.. FHSS ch2, to 2480 ch80
2403.. HomeRF, to 2477 (75 x 1MHz OR 5 x 15MHz channels)
2446.. Auto.Vehic.Ident. (500mW) and RFID (up to 4W), to 2454
2450 ISM, your microwave oven (2455). Really.

PRR Personal Role Radio (mil) more (435MHz remote PTT)
"2,400 - 2483 MHz, 256 Channels available, 100 mW, QPSK (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)"

2,483.5=.MSS, to 2500

2,700=...Radar, to 3100 - 10cm band
2700-2900 "airfield surveillance and traffic control radars for civil aviation, and military airfields."
2900-3100 "Civil maritime, air traffic control and range safety radars, together with naval radars."

3.100=...Mil radio location, to 3400
"heavily used for high-powered land, airborne and naval radars with a considerable geographical spread"

3400-3600 "MoD assigns some frequencies for airborne and naval radars and for radar development."
"also agreed to civil use of this band for mobile TV Outside Broadcasts and for civil FWA."
3,400=...Ham 9cm band, to 3,475=
3,442=...Police helicopter video downlinks, to 3475
3,475.6=.FWA/RFA/RLL, to 3,492.688 (split -50: 3425-3442) used by Ionica 1993-??(97?)
2001 report : 3425-3442 paired with 3476-3493, 2x17MHz (51MHz duplex)
3,500=...PMSE, to 3600 - 5 video channels
3,605=...FWA, to 3689 (3925-4009) 2x36MHz "currently used by Tele-2"
3,675=...C-Band satellite TV, to 4,200=
4,200=...Mil/Civil aircraft precision radar altimeters and ground proximity warning systems, to 4400=
4,400=...NATO harmonised military fixed and mobile services, to 5000= "fixed links between military establishments"
"wide-band channels for 'down-the-hill' high capacity links for tactical area communications systems."
Future tropospheric scatter systems, wideband, "ranges in excess of 300 kilometres"
5,000=...Microwave Landing System, to 5,150=

5,150=...RLAN Short Range High Data Rate Nomadic Equipment, to 5,875=
(802.11a), to 5350
5,250=...EESS, to 5460
5,350=...radar... "Military tactical radars use 5250-5850 for short to medium range functions"
5,650=...Ham 6cm band, to 5,850=

5,795=...RTTT (Road to vehicle systems), to 5.805 (possibly to 5.815) tolls etc. DEC(02)01
with 63-64 GHz (vehicle-to-vehicle or road-to-vehicle) and 76-77 GHz (radar)

7,125=...Fixed to 8500 - ERO prefered channels

7,250=...UK SKYNET fixed satellite down-links (MSS down at 7250-7300), to 7750
"The up-link is engineered at 7900-8400 with 7900-7950 MHz for MSS up-links"
"the primary military link to UK forces overseas. The satellite allocation is a harmonised NATO band"
Mil. downlink band 7300-7750 MHz is shared with civil fixed links

8500-10125 "allocated to the radiolocation service although the band 9300-9500 is primarily
for radio navigation. The band is widely used for military radars including battlefield radar,
surveillance radars at ranges and MoD DPA sites, precision approach radars at many airfields and
on naval vessels for missile control and tracking. Assignments exist also for wide band data links"

9,000 Radar, to 9500 - 3cm band

10,000=...Ham 3cm band, to 10,150= - and 10,300= to 10,500=
10,065 TV repeater o/p
FWA service at 10.125-10.225 paired with 10.475-10.575
"MoD manages the band 10.125-10.5 GHz for high discrimination radars, some of which are in development
or on trial, and airborne data links"
10,500 SRD - movement detectors
10,680=...Space research, to 10.7=

-10,700=--(10.7 GHz)-----------
Satellite TV, Ku band - Astra,Eutelsat,Intelsat etc. (35,876km up)
"FREE TO AIR Mpeg2 SATELLITE RADIO" (with bit rates)

10,700=..FSS (fixed sat. service)
11,700=..BSS (DBS - Band VI)
12,500=..Telecom


-12,750=-----------------------
These are really small radio wavelengths...

Fixed links - 23/25/38GHz bands, 32, 51.4-52.6, 55.78-59

13,250=.."aeronautical radio navigation and radiolocation. The band is widely used for
airborne doppler radars and naval radars", to 14=
14,620=..harmonised NATO band, to 15.23 - "fixed and mobile communications and airborne data links.
The band is also used for short-range radio relay and fixed links"
15,700=..MoD, to 17.3 - "wideband data, command links, trial radars, survey, distance measuring and
civil airfield movement control radar devices" 15.7-17.1 NATO harmonised
20,200=..harmonised NATO band, to 21.2 "planned for down-link military mobile satellite systems,
paired with the up-links at 43.5-45.5 GHz ... some USAF systems use this band in the UK."
"There is great pressure for this band to be used for civil satellite systems of non-NATO countries"

24,000=..Ham 12mm band, to 24.25= and SRD movement detectors
26,500=..NATO harmonised, to 27.5= fixed and mobile "planned for wide band systems"
27,500=..Fixed/Fixed Satellite '28GHz Band', to 29.5=
28-28.5 BFWA Broadband Fixed Wireless Access, with 29-29.5 'forward and return channels of 112 MHz'
(28.0525-28.4445 with 29.0605-29.4525)
29,500=..Satellite Interactive Terminals, to 30=
30,000=..NATO harmonised, to 31= no MoD use but paired with 20.2-21.2
31,300=..EESS, Space Research, Radioastronomy, to 31.8
31,800=..Fixed Links, to 33.4 "All SRDs are to be withdrawn from this band by 31st December 2003"
33,400=..NATO harmonised radiolocationn, to 36= "Naval, land and airborne tracking radars"
36,000=..NATO harmonised, to 37= "military fixed and mobile services: there is no current use"
39,500=..NATO harmonised, to 40.5= "planned for satellite systems.. paired with 50.4-51.4 .. no current use"
40,500=..future ITC 7mm MVDS Multipoint Video Distribution, to 42.5=
47,000=..Ham 6mm band, to 47,200=
59,000=..UK : fixed, mobile and radiolocation services, to 64= "MoD manages the mobile and radiolocation usage"
59 - 61 NATO harmonised
63,000 2nd Phase Road Traffic and Transport Telematics
71,000=..Fixed, Fixed satellite, Mobile, and Mobile satellite services, to 74
75,500=..Ham 4mm band, to 76,000= until 31.dec.2006
76,000 Vehicle Radar Systems
77,000=..MoD Radiolocation. to 81= "Trials are current"
77,500=..Ham 4mm band, to 78,000= from 1.jan.2003 (and 78-81 secondary)
81,000=..Fixed, Fixed satellite, Mobile, and Mobile satellite services, to 84
86,000=..EESS, Space Research, to 92=
92,000=..Fixed, Fixed satellite, Mobile and Radiolocation services, to 95= Mod "Trials are current"
95,000=..Mobile, Mobile satellite, Radio navigation satellite, short range radiolocation devices, to 100=
134,000=..Ham 2mm band, to 136,000= from 1.jan.2003 (and 122.25-123 + 136-141 secondary)
142,000=..Ham 2mm band, to 144,000= until 31.dec.2006
248,000=..Ham 1.2mm band, to 250,000= (and from 2003, 241-248 GHz secondary)

Radio or Far Infra-Red? There's a bit of overlap near 1mm wavelengths...


-275,000=-----(275 GHz)--------
Far Infra-Red, to 25,000 GHz (over 1mm to 12µm)


-25,000,000=--(25 THz)---------
Infra-red


-441 THz=----------------------
Visible wavelengths. Otherwise known as "Light". Red to Violet (680-420nm)


-714 THz=----------------------
Near Ultraviolet. 300nm-180nm

http://ledmuseum.home.att.net/ledleft.htm
370-390nm Ultraviolet
400-418nm Violet
430-485nm Blue
495-505nm Turquoise
525nm Green
555-575mn Yellow/Green
585-595nm Yellow
595-605nm Amber
605-620nm Orange
620-635nm Orange/Red
640-700nm Red
700-1300nm Infra-red

-1,666 THz=--------------------
Far Ultraviolet 180nm-91nm


-3,289 THz=--------------------
Extreme Ultraviolet 91nm-10nm
912-100 Angstroms

(or UV A 380-320nm, UV B 320-290nm (middle), UV C 290-10nm)

-30,000,000,000=--(30 PHz)-----
X-rays 10nm-10pm
100-0.1 Angstroms


-30,000,000,000,000=-(30 EHz)--
Gamma rays 10pm-100fm and beyond

Frequency multiplied by wavelength gives 300,000,000 m/s - the speed of light...
or 299,792,458 to be more exact.

300 mHz > 3000 mHz 1Gm > 100Mm easier to count s/cycle than c/s !
3 Hz > 30 Hz 100Mm > 10Mm VERY long waves! Natural 'Earth' waves
30 Hz > 300 Hz ELF 10Mm > 1Mm Bass!
300 Hz > 3000 Hz ILF 1000km > 100km Voice frequencies (sound)
3 kHz > 30 kHz VLF 100km > 10km
30 kHz > 300 kHz LF 10km > 1km
300 kHz > 3000 kHz MF 1km > 100m
3 MHz > 30 MHz HF 100m > 10m
30 MHz > 300 MHz VHF 10m > 1m
300 MHz > 3000 MHz UHF 1m > 10cm
3 GHz > 30 GHz SHF 10cm > 1cm
30 GHz > 300 GHz EHF 1cm > 1mm mainly experimental
300 GHz > 30 THz THF 1mm > 10um limits of radio / far infra-red
30 THz > 300 THz 10um > 1um infra-red light
300 THz > 3000 THz 1um > 100nm infra red > visible > ultra violet (near & far)
3 PHz > 30 PHz 100nm > 10nm extreme ultra violet
30 PHz > 30 EHz 10nm > 10pm x-rays
30 EHz > 10pm > Gamma rays


1 micron = 1 micrometre = 1um = 1000nm = one thousandth of a mm

10 Angstrom = 1 nanometre i.e. 5000A=500nm 1A=0.1nm=100pm

X unit (Xu) = approx. 0.001002 angstrom, or 100.2 femtometres, defined by
M. Siegbahn in 1925. Formerly used for measuring the wavelength of X rays
and gamma rays now measured in picometres (pm) or femtometres (fm).

1 Fermi = 1fm = about the size of an atom's nucleus